While it seems to be pretty intuitive that parking in the shade helps keep your car cool, there has been surprisingly little data collected to show how much cooler it is.  The State Climatologist of Arizona, Nancy Selover, has contributed to a recent article describing their work to measure car temperatures in sun and shade and how long it takes air conditioning to cool them off.  You can read it at https://www.azcentral.com/story/news/local/arizona-weather/2016/06/16/does-shaded-parking-keep-cars-cooler/85561580/.

Source: Brocken Inaglory, Commons Wikimedia
Source: Brocken Inaglory, Commons Wikimedia