North Carolina State Extension has a newly published online glossary of common terms used in discussing climate.  This particular glossary is aimmed at foresters but many of the terms could be used by anyone discussing climate variability and change and how to respond to it.  You can find it at https://content.ces.ncsu.edu/understanding-climate-planning-and-response-terms-within-the-forestry-context.

Source: Flickr/US Forest Service Region 5 via the Weather Channel